tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-52307771230959720762024-02-19T03:39:49.666+01:00Cabinet de curiosités de la cave de la rue Mullercabinet de curiosités de la rue mullerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14128509056063435890noreply@blogger.comBlogger415125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5230777123095972076.post-66780518587458831532016-05-12T20:07:00.001+02:002016-06-04T00:40:20.275+02:00expérience vuisuelle sur les gifs animés<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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cabinet de curiosités de la rue mullerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14128509056063435890noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5230777123095972076.post-7575672152666619512015-05-07T18:00:00.000+02:002016-06-04T00:54:31.153+02:00nouveau projet !<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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cabinet de curiosités de la rue mullerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14128509056063435890noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5230777123095972076.post-52101330217091116742015-01-14T21:31:00.001+01:002015-03-10T18:12:21.267+01:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://guidepunkmontmartre.blogspot.fr/" target="_blank"><img alt="La Lanterne (Paris. 1877)" border="0" src="http://gallica.bnf.fr/proxy?method=R&ark=bpt6k7514511n.f4&l=5&r=8580,1620,209,508" height="81" width="200" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://guidepunkmontmartre.blogspot.fr/" target="_blank">Faits-divers de 1880 à 1940</a><br />
rue <a href="http://guidepunkmontmartre.blogspot.fr/2015/01/la-formidable-histoire-secrete-de-la.html" target="_blank">muller </a>et feutrier<br />
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cabinet de curiosités de la rue mullerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14128509056063435890noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5230777123095972076.post-68972054283688778512015-01-10T20:23:00.000+01:002015-01-10T20:23:47.416+01:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkMrlJtgXDMzKUfxupC4-XdX7sFQSaCbglvPFxQ_fh2njunBx_QTk4i5A4ZRf8QKoZOVmc37yBzxeXHeBZiRcxfGB6-yRd12Q8DNGXj9tkxhpoECBGtL9GrhfUo6X_EBlnLh__V9C0LFg/s1600/236.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkMrlJtgXDMzKUfxupC4-XdX7sFQSaCbglvPFxQ_fh2njunBx_QTk4i5A4ZRf8QKoZOVmc37yBzxeXHeBZiRcxfGB6-yRd12Q8DNGXj9tkxhpoECBGtL9GrhfUo6X_EBlnLh__V9C0LFg/s1600/236.jpeg" height="200" width="150" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc3Q47TcHYFzi29Ehhi2utyGwkBVuz5q_tKXt0ovaOdYzjrkD9ypbBA8sib1vFnGwIur4G2dniiuSjF-oSueNSXzjKz6Tpi5FkHfGCvJipeTb0qIlX7u9WB8NLvc7Di-ZkC133MeaHITU/s1600/237.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc3Q47TcHYFzi29Ehhi2utyGwkBVuz5q_tKXt0ovaOdYzjrkD9ypbBA8sib1vFnGwIur4G2dniiuSjF-oSueNSXzjKz6Tpi5FkHfGCvJipeTb0qIlX7u9WB8NLvc7Di-ZkC133MeaHITU/s1600/237.jpeg" height="200" width="150" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">T</span><b>êtes réduites</b> ou <b>tsantzas</b> (<a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuars" title="Shuars">Shuars</a>, Jivaros) en vente aux éditions Baleine, 11 rue Muller 75018 Paris</div>
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cabinet de curiosités de la rue mullerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14128509056063435890noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5230777123095972076.post-83248522861763387192014-12-13T14:24:00.004+01:002016-12-06T16:17:54.814+01:00des pygmées dans Le Joural<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh41AhPxp7Afk_moSV9VUvCS3zp5TMusMKQjS7fDHKLAaYCF317clxTcUSweq1E2ljFFotOx_L2rlNJmeFMoBABCPuCR9j0EDYFF4PbACd3wEQaYQ_2m9iVwwRG39GLto7CuG5_l84QVUU/s1600/export%2528718%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh41AhPxp7Afk_moSV9VUvCS3zp5TMusMKQjS7fDHKLAaYCF317clxTcUSweq1E2ljFFotOx_L2rlNJmeFMoBABCPuCR9j0EDYFF4PbACd3wEQaYQ_2m9iVwwRG39GLto7CuG5_l84QVUU/s320/export%2528718%2529.jpg" width="320" />1939</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD-LlVjw_gT5OcxrQUI2SyUUIdVDJzcWf76cXWlTKSqj4WO3LXYK8NHb2FBY7eY-Z35fmX65AA2JLmzrXiZNFPsqmLOAdTIfSmWn-eMpH7uMhke6y3K5KLoKHOLkjtRBftw47FkjOe1e0/s1600/export%2528716%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD-LlVjw_gT5OcxrQUI2SyUUIdVDJzcWf76cXWlTKSqj4WO3LXYK8NHb2FBY7eY-Z35fmX65AA2JLmzrXiZNFPsqmLOAdTIfSmWn-eMpH7uMhke6y3K5KLoKHOLkjtRBftw47FkjOe1e0/s320/export%2528716%2529.jpg" width="200" />1930</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQc-adA6kLTlPzd7hmSXCGyetlR65C_UKmiDAoQcVmk5MkW9htS2hJ6TSM0skYQhkTUakX2wxdgEMS1VaGeznT-l6l0K-uqknkfpQ4AYfnz_klllA40AQq4GfOt3qNicJB9x8cfrYtt1U/s1600/export%2528715%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQc-adA6kLTlPzd7hmSXCGyetlR65C_UKmiDAoQcVmk5MkW9htS2hJ6TSM0skYQhkTUakX2wxdgEMS1VaGeznT-l6l0K-uqknkfpQ4AYfnz_klllA40AQq4GfOt3qNicJB9x8cfrYtt1U/s320/export%2528715%2529.jpg" width="250" />1930</a></div>
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cabinet de curiosités de la rue mullerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14128509056063435890noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5230777123095972076.post-40740464104804793742014-12-06T10:59:00.001+01:002014-12-06T17:33:30.995+01:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">CURIOSITÉS DU VIEUX
MONTMARTRE</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">LES CARRIÈRES A
PLATRE</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">1er avril 1893 </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">SOMMAIRE. — Les
plâtrières de Paris et les carrières de Montmartre. — LaVille Blanche, —
Excellence du plâtré de Montmartre; son exportation</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">eiv Amérique. —
Le plâtre dé Montmartre au Moyen-âge; ce qu'en dit unauteur du XIV»
siècle. — Les plâtriers mouleurs italiens. — Les</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">règlements de
Saint-Louis, de Jean-le-Bon et de Charles IX. — Office deJaugeur-Toiseur.—Les
Ports-au-plâtre.—Opinion de Bernard dePalissy sur</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">le plâtre de
Montmartre.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— Le plâtre de
Montmartre en vers latins. — Les Etrennes de Tabarin. —Le triomphe du
plâtre etRegnard. — Le voyage du Dr. Martin Lister à</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Paris, en 1698. —
Le prix du plâtre en 1002. — Promesse de bail pour l'exploitation
d'une carrière à Montmartre, vers 1700. — Les carrières</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de la butte au
XVIIIe siècle. — Divisions de Pralon en 1780, la haute masse, la pierre
franche et la basse masse. — Ce que Montmartre envoyait</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de plâtre à Paris
en 1783.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— Les carrières
de Montmartre après la Révolution. — Les bâtiments del'abbaye démolis
pour l'ouverture de nouvelles carrières. —Nombreuses</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">contraventions
aux règlements. —Montmartre menacé d'être englouti. —Accidents. —
Réclamations des habitants. — Vérification et rapport de</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'ingénieur de la
commune. — Interdiction des carrières souterraines. »Fermeture
définitive des carrières en 1800. — Consolidation des</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">carrières :
bourrages et foudroyage\ inconvénients du foudroyage. —Création de la
Pla - ce Saint-Pierre, — La butte auoo-cochons, ~~ Les</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Tremblements de
terre de Montmartre. — Les carrières devenues asiles denuit pour les
vagabonds. Craintes des habitants. — Ce qu'en disent</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Gérard de Nerval
et Monselet. — Les sorciers, les jésuites, les frèresRose-Croicc,
Marat et les insurgés de 1848 dans les carrières >lo</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Montmartre. — Les
dessins de George Michel et les rochers de M. Alphand,</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Dans son Paris -
Capitale , Edouard Fournier s'est trompé-en disant quele plâtre est un
peu'partout, et que, avant de remprunter à Montmartre</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">et aux buttés Chaumont, on le tirait du sol de la rive droite, depuis laSeine jusqu'aux
collines (1). Gela est d'autant plus faux que c'est</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">impossible : la
masse du gypse existant à un niveau géologiquebiensupérieur à
celui de la yallée parisienne* L'erreur de Fournier</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">provient de ce
qu'il avait basé son assertion fctir quelques anciennesdénominations de
rues de notre vieux Paris, telles que* par exemple, la,</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">rue Plâtrière>
la rue du P^rè-au-Marais et- la rue duP/a^-Saint-iJàcquës
(2) ; tandis que ces</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Edouard
Fournies Paris-Capitale > Paris 1881^ in-12, p. 22 et 23.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(a) La îaie de la
Plâtrière s'appelle rue Jèàn-Jacqués^Rbusseati depuis1871; -^ La rué
cl il Plâtrë-aû'Marais existé encore. —-, La rue du</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Plâtre-Saint-Jacques
a été absorbée par Je percement du boulevardSaint-Germain,
vers 1855* dénominations rappelaient tout simplement que</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">des plâtriers y
avaient habité, ou bien, comme Ta dit Sauvai (1), qu'ony avait établi
des plâtrières, c'est-à-dira des dépôts ou des magasins</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">où l'on préparait
le plâtre avec des tamis en fil de laiton, genred'industrie cité dès
le treizième siècle par le poète Guillot, dans son</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Met des Rues de
Paris, au sujet de la rue Lingarière (9),</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Là où l'en a
mainte plastriôre D'archal mise en oeuvre pour voir Plusieurs gens
pour leur vie avoir.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">D'ailleurs, il
n'a jamais été, que je sache, constaté de tracesd'excavations de
carrières dans les parages de ces rues,</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Au contraire,on
doit affirmer que Montmartre,bien avant tout autre lieu,fournit son
plâtre à Paris, d'abord parce qu'il en étai t plus rapproché;
ensuite, parce que la puissance de sa massé de gypse étaitbeaucoup plus
considérable,:;" presque le double de celle des buttes</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Ghaumoht. Pour en
témoigiier, voicij du reste, un dicton populaire trèsancien, dont
l'ambiguïté marqué parfaitement l'intention : Il y à plus</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de Montmartre à
Paris que de Paris à Monlmc^0è. Il est évident que ce jeu dé mots n'énonce
pas une ineptie sur la dis(1)</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Sauval,,t. 1er,
p. 78.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(2) Au treizième
siècle, la rue Lingarière, située entre la rue</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Beaubourg et la
rue SaintMartin, s'est appelée aussi rue de la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Plâtrière; au
quatorzième, rue de la Corroirie ; au Quinzième, rue de la</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Plastaye ; depuis
le nom de la Corroirie a prévalu ; à partir de 1851,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">elle a été réunie
à la rue de Venise, _ (3 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">tance réciproque
do Paris et de Montmartre, mais qu'il a pour objet le</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">plâtre: qu'on a
tiré de la butte Montmartre pour construire les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">nvmonsdela
capitale. « D'où est venu », dit Sauvai qui a relevé ce</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dicton, « le nom
de Ville Blanche que quel« ques auteurs anciens et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">célèbres ont «
donné à Paris, à cause de la couleur du « plâtre (l). »</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Bien avant
Sauvai, le P. Du Breul s'exprimait ainsi, quant</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">âTétymologiedu
mot Lutèce ou Lucotèce (^) ; « Les Grecs, se« Ion le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">témoignage de
Ptolêmée, géogra<c appellent="" ce="" leucoteciam="" lut="" plie="" que="" span=""></c></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">«: nous pouvons
interpréter Blanche% puis-. « que Leucotis en grec</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">signifie
blancheur, « Et ce, non seulement pour le respect des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">((habitants qui
sont corporeilement ((blancs, ou pour la candeur de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">leurs « moeurs,
mais aussi a cause de l'assiette « de la ville</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">complètement
blanche, ayant «d'un côté les quarrières, et de l'autre «</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les plastrières.
 quoy semble tendre « ce distique de Janus Lascaris (3) :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">« Nativo
Leucoteciam candore coruscam . « Dixere, ex etymo Gallica terra</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">tuo. »</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Sauvai, t.
1er, p. 3ô0.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(2) Du Breul, le
Théâtre des Antiquiiez de Paris, Paris, 1612, in-4°, p. 4.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(3) Jean
Lascaris, savant helléniste de la Renaissance, originaire de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Phiygie, qui
s'était'retiré a la cour des Médicis après la prise de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Gcnstantinpple par
les Tares, vint en France sous Charles VIII, donna</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">des leçons de
grec à Budé et h Danès, fut ambassadeur de Louis XII à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Venise, reçut de
François Ier la mission de fonder la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">bibliothèquedeFontainebleau,
et mourut en 1535, âgé dé.90 ans., En cela,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">nous pouvons
néanmoins reconnaître que Sauvai et Du Breul n'ont pas</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">infirmé la
gaillarde expliaation donnée par leur docte et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">joyeimprédécesseur,
Rabelais, au chapitre XVII de son Gargantua.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Toutes les
anciennes descriptions des •environs de Paris ont répété à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'envi que les
principales sources dès richesses de Montmartre furent</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ses carrières. Il
est incroyable quelle masse énorme de plâtre cette</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">montagne fournit
à Paris, Au commencement de notre siècle, elle</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">pourvoyait
encore, a elle seule, à: plus d.e§ trois quarts de ce qui</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">était nécessaire
pour les besoins de sa consommation, et, de plus, elle</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">en exportait
chaque année des quantités considérables (1). Le plâtre de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Montmartre était
le meilleur qu'il fût possible de trouver pour le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">modelage et pour
la construction ; d'où est résulté cet autre dicton, où</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la rime
intervient :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">C'est de
Montmartre qu'on extrait Le plâtre le plus parfait.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">L'excellence de
sa qualité lui avait acquis jadis une telle réputation,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">qu'il faisait
concurrence sur bien des marchés lointains aux plâtres</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">indigènes (3); on
eii expédia longtemps en Angleterre et même jusque</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dans le
Nouveau-Monde. Si bien</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Dict. histor.
topogr. et milit. des envi • {rons de Paris, 1817, ia-12.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(2) L. Simonin,
les Carriers et les carrières, dans Paris-Guide, 1868,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">in-12, p. 1598.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">_ 8 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">que, par esprit
de réclame, dès que les buttes Ghaumont vinrent â</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">prendre ïa
succession de Montmartre épuisé, leurs carrières usurpèrent</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">pompeusement le
titre de Carrières d'Amérique* Avec une variété de gypse</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">très recherchée,
connue sous le nom de Montmartrite* qui résistait â des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">intempéries de
saison que le plâtre ordinaire ne pourrait supporter, on</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">extrayait aussi
des fiancs de notre butte une sorte de faux albâtre très</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">estimée qu'on intitulait
alabastrite (1), ou mieux encore onyoo de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Montmartre (2).
Cette pierre n'avait pas la solidité ni la dureté de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'albâtre
calcaire, dont elle présentait quelque analogie ; mais elle</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">était employée
dans la fabrication d'objets d'ornementation, tels que</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">vases, supports,
etc.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">On peut également
affirmer sans crainte d'être révoqué en douté que le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">plâtre a été
exploité à Montmartre de temps immémbrial^puisquë dès le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">troisième siècle
de notre ère, a l'instar des premiers chrétiens</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">réfugiés dans les
catacombes de Rome, c'est aussi l'excavation</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">souterraine d'une
carrière qui Servit d'oratoire à saint Denis et à ses</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">compagnons
persécutés et fut, rapporte la pieuse légende, leur dernière</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">station : les
Mêlés en marquèrent par la suite l'emplacement en érigeant</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">au des(1)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Alabastrite,
ftAlabastre en Egypte > d'oie les anciens extrayaient cette</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">roche. Les Grecs
donnaient le nom d'Alabastron à des vases oit ils</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">mettaient leurs
parfums ;</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(2) Maury, la
Terre et l'Homme, Paris, 1861, in^ p. 159.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sus cette fameuse
chapelle dite du Mar* tyre ou des Martyrs, K</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Lors de la
fondation d'une seconde chapellenie dans la chapelle du</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Martyre^ en.
1304, parTécuyer Hermer, c'est sans au* cun doute â une</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ancienne
exploitation du voisinage qu'il est fait allusion, dans la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">charte qui
concède au nouveau chapelain une vigne sise au lieu dit la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">CamHère (1),
lequel est d'ailleurs mentionné dans le registre des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">comptes de
l'abbaye de 1628 àl647 (2) comme étant proche de la chapelle</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">du Martyre >
C'est vers cet endroit que conduisait un chemin qui, avant</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">d'être baptisé du
nom de Sevèste, le fondateur du théâtre de Montmartre,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">s'appelait rue de
là Carrièreé</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Suivant Ghéronnet
(3), c'est sous le gouvernement de l'abbesse Isabelle</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de Rieux que,
pour la première fois, il est parlé du plâtre extrait de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la montagne. Il
en est question à propos du transport d'un bail fait, en</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">1373, par maitre
Bernard, chanoine de Paris et collecteur du pape, à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Jean Porrée,
bourgeois de Paris , et à Perrenelle, sa femme, de trois</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">arpents et un
quartier de terre situés à Montmartre, au lieu dit la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Couture devant
les Martyrs^ moyennant une mine de blé, mesure de Paris,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">par chaque
arpent, à acquitter annuellement au grenier de l'abbaye, avec</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Ghéronnet,
Histoire de Montmartre, p. 166.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(2) Archives
nationales, section administrative, H. 4032.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(3) Ghéronnet,
Loc. cit. p. 80, 81.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">-10deux</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sols six deniers
parisis de cens. Ge bail donne en outre le droit</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">d'exploiter ia
.plâtrière existant dans le sous-sol, à la charge de six</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">deniers parisis
pour chaque centaine de voitures de plâtre sortant de la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">carrière. Il est
â remarquer que le bail de Porrée ne lui permet de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">fouiller que sous
les trois arpents, et non sous le quartier qui est</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">trop rapproché du
chemin, et lui enjoint, de plus, de tirer sa pierre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">d'une façon qui
ne compromette pas la sûreté ni ne gêne la commodité</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">publique (1).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Il est pourtant
certain que Montmartre fournissait du plâtre A, Paris</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">depuis longtemps.
L'usage en était déjà universel au XIVe siècle, et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">même, à ce qu'il
paraît, aussi multiple qu'aujourd'hui, En effet, voici</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dans quels termes
en parle un savant de ce temps-là, Barthélémy</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'Anglais, dans
son De proprietatibus rerum* sorte d'encyclopédie</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">latine, dont, en
1372, Charles V ordonna la traductiou en français.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">« En France a
moult de belles quarriè« res où l'on prend les pierres</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">pour faire « les
nobles édifices, et en particulier la « pierre en tout</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Paris, ou est le
piastre en « grant foison ; lequel est comme verre «</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">qnand il est Gru,
et dur comme pierre; « Et quand il est cuit et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">détrempé d'eau^ «
il se convertit en cyment, dont on fait « les parois</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">des beaux
édifices et lespare« ments des maisons. » (De la propriété des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">choses, chap.
XV.) *. Evidemment, ce plâtre qui à l'apparence, du verre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">n'est autre que
le sulfate de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Archives
nationales JJ 3g p. 189. ; _ 11 -_,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">■«ïhaux
cristallisé, lamellaire et transparent, qu'on rencontrait</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">autrefois en
abondance dans les masses gypseuses de Montmartre (1).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">L'histoire ne dit
pas si, dès le moyen âge comme à notre époque, les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">mouleurs italiens
venaient dans la capitale modeler avec cette matière</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">si pure leurs
pieuses statuettes. Dante, qui a étudié à Paris, et qui</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">parle des
banquiers lombards déjà établis chez nous dé son temps, né mon</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">tionne pas les
plâtriers de la péninsule. Il faut croire qu'ils iié</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">seront venus que
plus lard, après la Renaissance, quand le réveil de la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sculpture aura
donné au peuple le ;goût des blanches ftgulines.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Aujourd'huU ces
artistes nomades, étatblis autour de Montmartre et dé</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Bellëville,
•moulent avec le plâtre toutes sortes d'objets d'art, des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Vénus de Milo et
des Diane de Grabies, des sainte Vierge et des saint</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Joseph, et tout
cela au plus bas prix. On •les rencontre le soir sur les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">boulevards, le
long des quais, portant tout leur musée sur leur tête, ou</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'exposant sur le
parapet d'un pont; et ce qu'on remarque avant tout,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dans leur modeste
et riant étalage, bien digne souvent d'arrêter les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">regards du
passant, c'est l'emploi aussi heureux .qu'utile d'un des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">matériaux les
plus communs et les plus purs de notre sol parisien, le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">gypse, à la molle
et t.anaparente blancheur de neige quand il a été</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">calciné.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Hcefer,
Éisïoïre de la chimie, Paris, 1866, ^^iiWf^^Oi'-,^ '</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 12 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Pour la commodité
de leur commerce,, dont l'importance s'était si</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">rapidement
àécrue, les carriers de Montmartre avaient de bonne heure</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">établi, dans
l'intérieur de Paris, plusieurs dépôts de plâtre où ils</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'amenaient après
la cuisson, et lorsqu'ils n'avaient plus qu'à lui</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">faire subir les
dernières préparations, telles que battage 1), corroyage</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">et tamisage.
L'existence de ces magasins, appelés plâtrier es > est déjà</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">indiquée, au
XIIIe siècle, par quelques dénominations de rues ; telles</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sont, sur la rive
gauche, la rue du Plâtre-Saint-Jacques, où des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Plâtriers., la
rue du PlâtreSaint-André ou du Battoir* et sur la rive</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">droite, la rue du
Plâtre-au-Marais9 la rue de la Corroirie, qui fut</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">aussi rue de la
Plâtrière et rué de la Plastaye.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Sous le règne de
saint Louis, on voit les plâtriers de Paris, d'une</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">manière toute
particulière, à côté des maçons et des mortelliers, dans</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les règlements du
Livre des Métiers, d'Etienne Boileau , notamment en ce</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">qui concerne les
amendes ou peines à encourir cour tromperie sur la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">mesure et la
qualité du plâtre! Gomme les maçons et les mortelliers, les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">plâtriers étaient
placés sous la bannière de saint Biaise (2).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">i ■'- II' "
* m »</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) D'où est venu
l'expression populaire r Battre comme plâtre, pour</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dire frapper avec
excès et vigueur.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">> (2) Voir le
Livre des Métiers d'Etienne Boileau, dans la Collection</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">des documents
inédits sur Vhist. de France, Paris, 18B7, in-4<\ p. 3, —.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ou bien dans^ la
collection de l'Histoire générale de Paris, Paris,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">1879, in-fo,p.90.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 13 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">D'après
l'ordonnance de Jean le Bon, de février 1350, sur la police du</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">royaume, les
plâtriers ne devaient vendre ieur marchandise.que 24 sols</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">le muid en hiver,
et 18 en été, et les batteurs de plâtre recevoir, pour</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">salaire, un tiers
en sus de ce qu'ils avaient avant la grande peste de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">1348, par chaque
muid à tâche (1).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Mais deux siècles
après,, la police de la vente du plâtre était tombées</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">désuétude, et il
en était résulté de tels abus qu'il fallut un règlement</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de Charles IX, du
4 février 1567, pour rétablir la discipline sur cette</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">matière. Celte
nouvelle ordonnance prescrivait aux plâtriers de vendre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">le muid de plâtre
à raison de 36 sacs, contenant chacun 4 boisseaux ;</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ledit plâtre bien
cuit et bien battu. Il était en outre défendu aux</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">maîtres plâtriers
de vendre leur denrée à leurs haquetiers,,pour</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">queceux-ci le
revendent aux bourgeois et maçons, etc. (2;.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Nous avons dit
qu'on expédiait le plâtre de Montmartre très loin. Pour</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les villes
voisines de Paris qui s'en approvisionnaient, elles le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">faisaient venir
par eau, c'était le moyen de transport le plus commode</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">et.le moins
coûteux.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">On transportait
le plâtre en moellons, parce que, étant cuit, il</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">risquait de
s'éventer et de perdre sa qualité. Pour la facilité de ces</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">expéditions, il y
avait à Paris</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Secousse ,
Ordonnances des rois de France de là #e race, t. II,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">février 1350.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;"><2 de="" iv="" la="" mare="" ment="" police="" suppl="" t.="" trait=""> p. 44, 45.<!--2--><!--2--></2></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">2*</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 14 -</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">deux ports
considérables de chargement,:: l'urtj au-dessus de la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Bastille (1),
pour lés approvisionnements des villes de là hauteSeine,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">telles que
Corbeil, Melun, Fontainebleau, Sens, etc.; l'autre, à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Argenteuil, pour
le service de la basse Seine jusqu'à Rouen. Il y avait</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dans chaque port
un fonctionnaire chargé de la réception de lapierre, à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">mesure qu'elle y
arrivait, et de son toisage dans les bateaux. La charge</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de
jaugeur-toiseurdu plâtre était d'origine* très ancienne, un arrêt du</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">parlement du 16
juin 1410 lait vc'r qu'elle existait déjà en 1317; Aux</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">termes de
l'ordonnance de* 1415 faite pour la juridiction de l'Hôtel dé</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Ville, cette
charge avait été réunie à< celle de maître des ponts de la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Ville ; mais*
elle fut définitivement rétablie par Char* les IX, en</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">avril 1568 (2).
></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Une mention du
plâtre de Montmartre est encore faite, au XVe siècle,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dans une
description de Paris écrite par Guillebert de Metz (3). Un</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">témoignage qu'il
faut bien nous garder de passer sous silence est celui</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de Bernard de
Palissy ; il est peut-* être peu connu, On sait que, par</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la substitution
dé la méthode expérimentale aux</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) La rue des
Charbonniers à Bercy a porté primitivement le nom de rue</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">du Port au plâtre
ainsi que la partie du quai de la Râpée, sur laquelle</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">elle aboutit.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(2) Delamarre,
Loc cit. t. IV.p. 45, 46.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(8) Guillebert de
Metz. Description de Paris au XVo siècle, publiée par</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Leroux dc^ Lincy,
Paris 1854 p. 80. ......</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 15 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">traditions
spéculatives de la scoiastique, Bernard de Palissy, aussi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">grand savant que
grand artiste, avait devancé de trois siècles le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">progrès de la
science moderne, notamment en ce qui regarde la chimie; et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">que, en fait de
géologie, il fut le précurseur de Cuvier et de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Brongniart. Or,
c'est au chapitre des pierres, contenu dans les «</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Discours
admirables de la nature des eauoe et fontaines..., » qu'il</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">publia en 1580,
et où l'on voit poindre le germe de la théorie des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">formations
sédimentaires, que nous empruntons les lignes suivantes, à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">titre, de
document curieux concernant notre sujet :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">« Il y a deux choses
qui donnent la duce reté aux pierres, l'une est</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">abondance xc
d'eaUjFaûtre est la longue décoction : car « plusieurs</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">pierres peuvent
être engen« cirées d'eau, qui toutefois ne sont pas «</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dures! Nous en
avons un fort bel exem« pie aux plastrières dé</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Montmartre, près
«Paris, car parmy icelles il se treuve « certaines</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">veines d'un
piastre qu'ils appellent hif ou miroirs, lequel se fend «</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">comme ardoise,'
aussi tenue que feuille « de papier, et aussi claire que</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">5 verre, il « est
comme une espèce de talc ; sa dia« phanité pu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">transparence,
nous donné « bien àcônnoistre que la plus grande « part de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">son essence n'est
autre chose « que de l'eau : toutefois il se calcine,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">et « Ion en
besongne tout ainsi quexle TaUf « tre piastre... » (1).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(I) Cptiqres
complètes de 3ernà)*tf de., Palïssy, Paris 1844 iri-12 p.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">293. ' ,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 16- —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Ces miroirs ou
hif, sont bien en parfait rapport avec « le piastre...</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">lequel est comme
verre... » que nous avons déjà vu signalé par</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Barthélémy
l'Anglais, deux siècles avant Bernard de Palissy, et qui</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">n'est autre que
cette variété cristalline de gypse feuilleté, à brisures</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">en fers de lance,
nommé sélénite par Dioscoride, parce qu'il reflétait</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la lumière de la
lune. Pour les anciens, c'était encore la pierre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">spéçulaire, (1)
et pour nos carriers modernes, là pierre à Jésus, le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">miroir oVâne, ou
le faux talc. Elle fournissait au modelage</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Après les
savants, qui ont dans leurs doctes écrits, consacré la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">réputation du
plâtre de Montmartre, les poètes, à leur tour, ne</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">pouvaient manquer
de célébrer, en leurs chants, ses vertus et ses</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">propriétés : rien
ne devait faire défaut à sa gloire. Un avocat de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Ghâteaudun, du
nom de Rodolphe ou Raoul Bouterais, devenu et à la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sculpture le
plâtre le plus fin et le plus beau.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(2) Pierre
spéçulaire, du latin spéculum (miroir). C'est au temps de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Senèque, cju'on
doit rapporter l'origine et l'usage des pierres</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">spéculaires. Les
Romains s'en servaient pour garnir leurs fenêtres,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">comme nous y
employons le verre ; ils s'en servaient aussi pour les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">litières des
dames et pour les ruches, afin d'y pouvoir considérer</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'ingénieux
travail des abeilles. L'usage de la pierre spéçulaire était</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">si général, qu'il
y avait des, ouvriers, dont l'unique profession était</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de la travailler
et de la poser. (Noël etè Garpentier, nouveau</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Dictionnaire des
Origines, inventions et découvertes, Paris 1827i</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ïri-8*, t. 1I>
pi 667).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 17 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">avocat au grand
Conseil de Paris, vers la fin du seizième siècle,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">occupait ses
loisirs à composer des ouvrages d'histoire en vers latins.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Il a laissé,
entre autres, un poème intitulé Lutetia (1), où se trouve</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">un éloge si
pompeux du plâtre de notre butte, qu'il y aurait vraiment</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">quelque
ingratitude à le laisser dans l'oubli. On nous saura peutêtre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">gré de ne pas en
exhumer le texte latin, mais de reproduire seulement la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">traduction qu'en
a donnée Chéronnet (2) :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">« Là où les
compagnons de saint Denis « furent mis à mort, sur le sommet</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">d'une c montagne,
existe encore un village qui « prend son nom du</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">martyre de ces amis
« du Christ. C'est de ce lieu qu'on tire la «</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">pierre, et là
même qu'on cuit le plâtré « si utile et si souvent employé</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dans la «
construction de nos maisons, que par « l'éclatante blancheur</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dont il les revêt
« Paris semble .une ville drapée de neige. « C'est au</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">constant usage de
cette matière « froide et qui brave les atteintes de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la « flamme, que
notre cité doit sa tranquil« lité contre les accidents</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">du feu et n'é«
prouve que de rares incendies.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">« Les montagnes
de la Bohême enfan« tent, après de nombreux hivers, le «</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">cristal durci
dans leur sein ; la Germa« nie nous donne le cuivre ; les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">plaines «
d'Espagne nous fournissent l'acier; du « flanc des Pyrénées</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">nous arrachons le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) R» Bouterais,
Lutetia, Paris 1611, in-12 p. 135,136.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">, (2) Chèi,otmetir'Stsloir&-de
Montmartre, p.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 18 —.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">« marbre. Toutes
ces richesses de la terrp « sont d'un plus rare emploi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">et moins «
communes que notre modeste plâtre, « dont la riche veine</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">croit sans cesse
dans « une carrière inépuisable.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">« Le plâtre* !
cette substance qui prend « toutes les formes, qui mêlé</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">avec l'eau « se
liquéfie et bientôt, se durcissant, se « prête à toutes</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les inventions, à
tous « les caprices du génie et, comme une cire «</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">molle et
complaisante, devient, sous la « main de l'habile ouvrier, tout</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ce qu'il « lui
plaît d'en faire, soit ornement, soit « relief ou statue,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">et à qui il ne
manque, « ;pour égaler le marbre, qu'un peu de « dureté</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">et de solidité. »
<</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">La popularité du
plâtre de Montmartre ne devait pas s'arrêter en si beau</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">chemin ; comme
toute popularité, elle courut un peu les rues, et les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">tréteaux mêmes du
pont Neuf en retentirent. Ainsi dans la généreuse et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">vaste
distribution des choses « sûperlicôquentieuses » qui composent le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">menu de ses «
Etrennes universelles pour Van 1021 », Tabarin donne « aux</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">piastriers les
costes de Montmartre » (1).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Mais, il faut
bien l'avouer, pour établir àuthentiquemént la notoriété</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">du plâtre de
Montmartre, l'assertion plus grave et plus autorisée d'un</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">homme de l'art
conviendrait certes beaucoup mieux qu'un coq^à-l'âne de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">bateleur,: fût-il
le plus mirifiqueméut tabarinesque du monde. Aussi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">n'omettrons-nous
pas de rappeler qu'un demi-; ■ ■ i ■ <■'■ ,■ '</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">.' (1) OEuvres de
'.Tabarin, édition Garnier, in-12, p,315.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 19 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">siècle plus tard
Félibien des Avaux , membre et secrétaire de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'Académieroyale
d'architecture, enseignait que le plâtre « le plus</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">estimé » est
celui.de Montmarrtre (1). Cette fois, le témoignage émanant</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">d'un maitre « du
bâtiment » a bien la valeur d'une consécration.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">La fin du grand
siècle marqué le triomphe du plâtre dans la décoration</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">intérieure Tdenos
maisons. On ne voulait plus de solives apparentes aux</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">planchers,
fussentelles dorées ou ornées de peintures. Un bel enduit</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">bien blanc et
bien lisse, encadré de corniches à moulures élégantes,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">devait les
remplacer. C'était le règne du feston et de l'astragale, et,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">naturellement, le
plâtre de la butte fit les frais de la mode nouvelle.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Aussi Régnard,
qui ldjgeait au bout de la «rue Richelieu, sur le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">rempart, et que
rïen *ie gênait alors pour voir dé ses fenêtres</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">jusqu'aux moulins
et aux carrières de Montmartre, n'oublie-t-il pas dans</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">une épître, où il
parlait de son gîte et de sa perspective, la blanche</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">colline,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">.,.!...... dont
les antres profonds</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Fournissent à
Paris l'honneur de ses plafonds (2).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Considéré à un
point de vue essentiellement technique, le plâtre de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Montmartre
«figure sur les tablettes de voyage du docteur anglais Martin</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Lester, Mais sa
réputation ne gagnerait peut-être rien à franchir ainsi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les mers, il est
vrai que, cette</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">W—wiiÊii ■
I^M—^IWIIIM »„m ■ ■! ■■■—■ ———^a» ■■■■■i—ammM——9</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">\ (1) Félibien,
des Principes d'architecture, Paris, 1676, in>4<> p.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">698.' (2)
Régnard,- Epître, VF.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">- 20 -</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">fois, nous sommes
en présence d'un An/ glais disposé par nature à peser</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">plutôt les
inconvénients des choses que leurs qualités, et dont, en</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">d'autres termes,
le fait habituel et dominant n'est point</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'enthousiasme.
Voici, néanmoins, d'après la traduction donnée par</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'excellent
bibliophile et bibliographe parisien, M. Paul Lacombe, ce</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">qu'a écrit cet
estimable insulaire dans la relation de son Voyage à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Paris en Van 1698
(1) :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">« Le plâtre donne
ici de grandes facili« tés pour la construction, parce</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">qu'il se « travaillé
aisément ; on en fait des mot« tes que l'on place</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les unes sur les
au« très, et on élève ainsi une cheminée ou « mur de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">plusieurs pieds
de haut (2); « mais cette construction se dégrade faci«</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">lement, et il
n'est pas aisé de la réparer* « Ce plâtre sèche et se</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">durcit si
prompte« ment qu'il semble impossible de le mé« langer avec du</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sable pour le
faire pren« dre. »</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Si Ion veut avoir
un aperçu du prix du plâtre 'à cette époque, il faut</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">connaître le
volume, déjà vieux de deux siècles, et qui a le mérite</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">d'avoir été en
quelque sorte le premier almanach Bottin du commerce et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de l'industrie de
Paris: nous voulons parler du Livre commode des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">adresses pu(1)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Paul Lacombe,
Bibliographie parisienne (Tableaux de moeuis;, Paris</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">18S7,in-8°, p.
13, col. 1.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(2) Ces mottes bu
boulettes de plâtre sont ce qu'on appelle, en terme de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">chantier, des
pigeons, d'où l'on a .fait le mot pigeonnage pour indiquer</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ce mode de
construction.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">blié, en 1692,
par Abraham du Pradel. Oh trouve, en effet, au chapitre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">consacré à
l'architecture et la maçonnerie, que le muid de plâtre de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Montmartre, de
Montfaucon et de Norillon sous Belleville, coûte rendu 6</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">livres, et au
nlus 6 iivres 10 sols à lç, mesure et au choix. Soixante</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ans plus tard, ce
prix était augmenté d'un tiers (1).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Il n'est pas non
jjlus sans intérêt de signaler, pour mémoire seulement,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">le texte d'une
promesse de bail rédigée, vers 1700, au nom de l'abbesse</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de Montmartre,
pour le profit d'un sieur Lamarre, marchand plâtrier (2).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Dans ce bail,
sont réglées les conditions de l'exploitation à ciel</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ouvert d'une
carrière de plâtre située au pied du versant nord-ouest de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la butte, sur le
lieu dit la Hutte-auoe-Gardes* du nom d'une ancienne</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">remise à gibier
des capitaineries des chasses du roi.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">A</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Enfin, si l'on
jette un regard sur les anciens plans de Paris, notamment</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ceux du
dix-huitième siècle, on voit la butte entamée de toutes parts et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">éventrée en tous
sens. Il y a un trou de carrière dans l'enclos du</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">prieuré du
Martyre, au milieu des vignes du haut et du bas Coteau, tandis</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Abr. du
Pradel, le Livre commode des adresses, édition de la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Bibliothèque
elzévi^ rienne, aves notes de M. Ed. Fournier, Paris 1860,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">in-12, t. II, p.
105 et.106.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(2) Éd. de
Barthélémy, Recueil des<chartes de="" montmartre="" span="" vabbaye=""></chartes></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">278.. ; .</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">*</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 23 .—</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">que de hautes et
larges entailles^ à pic comme des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ialaises^échâncréntlàbuttieduf
sud àl'est* engloutissant dans leurs pro*</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">{ fondeurs la sou
rçe et le ru isseau de la Fbhtehelié ; du nord à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'ouest, la
montagneést rongée et mênieemportée par d'immenses</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">exploitations à
ciel ouvert, dont^ le souvenir est resté attaché au nom</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">du quartier qui
les a remplacées, -ainsi- qu'à l'éçritèàù dé leur ancien</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">chemin dé
desserte, aujourd'hui la rue dès GrandesCarrieres, qui</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">conduisait à la
Hutte-auxGardes;</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Mais* pour
suppléer à l'insuffisance de cet aperçu à vol d'oiseau,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">assurément trop
ranidés voici d'âilieùrs, sur les carrières de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Montmartre au
siècle dernier, le ta> bleau descriptif qu'a laissé</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Pralon* un savant
contemporain dé ce térnpà-là (1) : :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">« La
butfèMphtmàrire « gypse, lié marne, de ôablôn et d'une « couche de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">terre végétale
qui en couvre « le sommet et tous lès endroits qui sent</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">«. cultivés. Les
ouvriers qui travaillent à « faire du plâtre ont divisé</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">cette butté en «
trois parties :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">« La première,
qu'ils nomment la « haute masse, parce qu'elle en.occupe</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la « partie la
plus élevée, a cinquante-deux « pieds de gypse distribué</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">par bancs po« ses
les uns sur les autres sans interrup« lion qu'une</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">couche presque
impercep« tible de matière étrangère qui les sépare</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Voir le t.
XVI des Observations sur la physique (juillet-décembre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">1780). Paris,
1780, in-4op. 280 et suivantes.,</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">■- ;; " —.23
—</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">•« les uns des
autres. Cette masse porte « sur environ douze pieds de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">marne. Les « deux
carrières les plus voisines de l'ab« baye, l'une dans</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la partie
orientale, et « l'autre dans la partie occidentale, sont «</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">pratiqu ées dans
cette partie.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">« La seconde, à
laquelle ils donnent le « nom de pierre tranche, a</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">quatorze « pieds
de gypse disposé aussi par bancs « contigus et soutenus</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">par douze pieds «
de marne. Cette partie n'a pas de car« rière propre ;</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">car, outre les
bancs qui « lui appartiennent, elle a toujours, au «</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dessus des marnes
qu'elle soutient, quelle ques bancs de la haute masse</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">qui s'ex«
ploitent en même temps que les siens. « La plupart des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">carrières de la
partie oc« cidentale de la butte sont ouvertes en a</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">partie dans la
haute masse, et en partie. « dans la pierre franche.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">« La troisième se
nomme, et avec rai« son, la basse carrière; c'est en</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">effet la « plus
basse et même la dernière des cav« rières, puisque les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ouvriers y
tiennent « le dernier banc de gypse.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">tf Cette carrière
a environ quatorze <« pieds de gypse distribué en six</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">bancs ; « mais
ils ne sont pas contigus, comme a dans les autres parties</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">: ils sont, au «
contraire, séparés les uns des autres par « des couches</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de marne plus ou
moins « épaisses. Elle n'est pas dans le corps de « là</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">montagne, elle
est creusée dans cette « plaine qui se trouve au-dessous</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">du che« min qui
va de Monceau àClignancourt.» . Bref,toutes ces</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">exploitations
acquirent Une telle importance que , suivant une</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 24 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">lettré adressée,
en 1783, à monseigneur l'intendant de la généralité de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Paris, Michel de
Trétaigne nous apprend que, vers la fin du siècle</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dernier,
Montmartre envoyait journellement dans Paris cent vingt muids</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de plâtre. A
cette époque, où les droits d'entrée sur cette matière</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">étaient de quatre
livres par muid, Montmartre produisait ainsi à la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ville de Paiis un
revenu considérable (1).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">A dater de
l'époque révolutionnaire-» l'exploitation des carrières de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Montmartre prend,
avec un redoublement d'activité, une extension</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">nouvelle. Tandis
qu'on abandonne à la sépulture des morts tout le vaste</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">espace situé au
sud-ouest de la montagne, et que de nombreuses fouilles</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">avaient peu a peu
transformé en une sorte dé vallon, c'est en plein</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">coeur de la
butte, dans le sol même de son antique monastère, que les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">carriers vont
désormais porter leur pic ; et ils n'auront plus besoin,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">poar cela, de
demander de permission à l'autorité abbatiale. Car les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">temps sont
changés. An nom de la loi, religieuses et abbesses ont été</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">expulsées de leur
domaine, mis en vente comme bien de la Nation. Les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">saints ont été
déclarés des cidevants et Dieu un suspect : on est en</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'an 1792. Aux
chapelles et aux oratoires vont</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Michel de
Trétaigne, Montmartre et Clignancourt,pt 157.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">~ 25 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">succéder dés
fours à plâtre, dont la fumée remplacera celle de l'encens</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">; et là où
passaient naguère de dévotés processions, on n'entendra plus</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">que le grincement
des roues des chariots et des lardiers, on ne verra</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">plus que des
rampes abruptes, sillonnées d'ornières profondes, au lieu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">des allées fleuries
du jardin conventuel.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Pour commencer,
c'est à un plâtrier qu'échurent les bâtiments</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">claustraux. Cet
industriel en avait fait l'acquisition dans l'espérance</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">que les caves lui
donneraient un accès plus direct dans le sous-sol de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la butte, et le
mettraient ainsi plus à même d'en extraire le gypse. A</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">cet effet, il
s'empressa de tout démolir, et comme dans son lot se</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">trouvait la
chapelle du Martyre, il n'hésita pas non plus à la jeter bas</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">comme le reste,
sans en laisser un seul moellon. Il n'en respecta pas</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">davantage la
partie souterraine, cette fameuse crypte qui gardait, avec</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de précieuses
reliques, la mémoire de saint Denis et d'Ignace de Loyola,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">mais qui, aux
yeux de l'intéressé, n'en restait pas moins un ancien</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">cavage de
carrière, d'une exploitation très commode à poursuivre. Si</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">bien que,
lorsqu'il eut fait son trou, la ruine souterraine suivit de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">près la
destruction extérieure, et qu'en 1795 il ne restait déjà plus</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">aucune trace des
deux sanctuaires composant la chapelle du Martyre, ni</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de celui gui
était audessus du sol ni de celui qui était au dessous.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Mais il paraît
que ces démolitions ne portèrent point profit à leur</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">auteuiycar cet
homme, malgré ses vastes entreprises et un nom qui</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">présageait la
prospérité,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">•. — 86 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">finit misérablement
ses jours dans un hoshospice d'aliénés (1). ;y</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">L exploitation
des carrières de Montmartre prit, dès lors, une allure si</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">active, qu'en
moins de cinquante ans il ne restait plus rien à extraire</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de la butte, à
moins que d'aller fouiller sous les rues et les maisons,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">et l'on n'y avait
déjà guère manqué. Grâce au peu de sévérité ou au</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">défaut de
surveillance de l'administration, les plus graves et lès plus</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">nombreuses
contraventions aux règlements en étaient résultées, notamment</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">en ce qui concerne
l'article 29 du décret du 22 mars 1813, prescrivant</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">que les cavages
de toute espèce ne pouvaient être poussés que jusqu'à la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">distance de dix
mètres des chemins à voiture, de& édifices et de toutes</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">constructions
quelconques, plus un mètre par mètre d'épaisseur de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">recouvrement.
(Les amendes infligées aux carriers devaient servir à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'entretien des
consolidations que l'administration avait prises à sa</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">charge.)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Ces prescriptions
n'étaient pourtant pas nouvelles ; elles avaient pour</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">précédent un ancien
arrêt du 9 mars 1633, où il était fait « défense à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">tous carriers et
à toutes « personnes de fouiller où faire fouiller, «</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">tirer ou faire
tiier de la pierre ou du « moellon d'aucune carrière à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">moins de « quinze
toises des grands chemins, con« duits de fontaine et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">autres ouvrages
pu« blics, à peine dé punition corporelle et « amende</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">arbitraire». Le
même arrêt or>■ donnait en. outre, sous les mêmes peines,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">' I I I I I ■■ -
I ■ ■ I - M l !■■"-■ I ' _ - \ .!_■ ' ----- - - - - - ^</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Ghéronnet, 1 Hist.
de Montmartre,1^ 58.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">- 27 —-</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">auxdits carriers
et propriétaires d'élever les piliers, hagues et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">murailles
nêcessair respoui le soutènement des terres aux endroits des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">carrières où il
en manquerait dans ledit espace de quinze toises près</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">desdits ouvrages
et chemins publics (1).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Il était donc
temps de s'arrêter, à moins de voir, tout d'un coup,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Montmartre
s'emgloutir dans ses propres flancs. Déjà, èii 1827, le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">moulin de la
Lancette s'était ainsi effondré ; puis on avait été obligé</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de fer* mer deux
jardins publics dont le sol entièrement miné n'offrait</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">plus aucune
sécurité aux danseurs qui s'y rendaient en foule ; dans l'un</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">d'eux, un fontis,
se déclarant soudain, faillit ensevelir toute une</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">noce, y compris
la mariée qui était juste* ment la fille de l'adjoint.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Ces deux jardins
publics ; l'un s'appelait Y Ermitage et était situé au</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">pied du versant
méridional de la butte, un café du boulevard de Clichy</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">en porte
aujourd'hui le vocable ; l'autre, suivant le goût du jour,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">était
pompeusement décoré du nom de Tivoli, et remplaçait l'ancien</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">établissement du
Poirier sans pareil, dont un hôtel borgne sis</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">actuellement à
l'angle des rues Berthe et de Ravighan , garde le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">souvenir et
marque l'entrée. Le moment était venu aussi d'évacuer</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">plusieurs maisons
où des lézardes et-- des. craquements, de mauvais</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">augure s'étaient
produits..Il n'y</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) De La Mare,
Traité dé la'police, sup*- plément, t. IV, p. 386 et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">507. • ' ■ ^
avait enfin plus d'autre parti à prendrecontre un état de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">choses devenant de
plus en plus inquiétant, c'était de réclamer saw</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">retard la
suppression complète de l'exploitation des carrières, et c'est</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ce qu'on fit.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">En conséquence,
la commune chargea en 1837 son ingénieur, M. Hippolyte</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Hageau de
procéder à une vérification contradictoire des plans des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">carrières, et
d'établir un rapport sûr le résultat de cette enquête (1).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">En résumant ce
rapport, document descriptif très intéressant au point de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">vue de la
topographie souterraine de Montmartre, voici l'état dans</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">lequel se trouvait
la butte, il y a environ un demi-siècle, par rapport</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">à ses carrières.
Elle était cernée :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Au sud, - 1° Par
le cavage de haute masse (2) Muller, dont</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'exploitation
at(1)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Hippolyte Hageau,
Rapport sur les carrières de Montmartre, Paris, 1837,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">in«4°.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(2) On peut
remarquer, dans ce rapport, que M. Hageau a adopté, pour les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">carrières de
Montmartre, la division en haute et basse masse indiquée,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">en 1780, par M.
Pralon, dont nous avons reproduit plus haut le texte. —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Pour
l'intelligence des choses, ajoutons quelques explications. Suivant</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les conditions de
gisement, on avait adopté deux modes d'exploitation,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">savoir :
1<> A ciel ouvert, là où la masse n'affleurant qu'à peu de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">profondeur,
nécessitait une découverte peu coûteuse, 2° en souterrain,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dans le cas
contraire ; et, suivant qu'on accédait à la masse par puits</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">verticaux, ou par
galeries débouchant dans un escarpement, on divisait</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les carrières
souterraines en cavages par puits et en cavqges abouches.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">r.î 20 -</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">teignait le mur
limite du Chemin- Vieux (rue Ravignan) (1), longeait les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">maisons désignées
sous le nom de Richon, le carrefour Traînée; le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Pavillon dé
Gabrielle (2) et la place du Tertre, en commettant dans</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">toute son étendue
de graves contraventions, quant aux distances à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">conserver; 2° par
la carrière de basse masse Ghevreuse, située sous les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">terrains Haullier
et Gandon : ce cavage passait pour avoir été écrasé,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">mais on ciaignait
que l'écrasement ne fût complet et qu'il subsistât des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">vides ; 3° par le
cavage de basse masse9 Muller, dont les vides, situés</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">au bas du
Chemin-Vieux et sous la place de l'Abbaye (place des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Abbesses),
mettaient en péril plusieurs maisons, notamment la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">De plus,
l'exploitation des carrières souterraines de Montmartre avait</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">lieu* par piliers
tour nés,comme cela se pratique encore à Montreuil et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">à Pantin
.C'est-à-dire qu'on procédait par galeries parallèles qu'on</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">recoupait ensuite
transversalement en manière d'échiquier. Ces galeries</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">avaient environ
six mètres de largeur et une hauteur variant de 10 à 15</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">mètres, suivant
la puissance de la masse. La base des Ïûliers réservés</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">occupait environ
le quart de a superficie du champ exploité, et une plus</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">grande étendue
prés du ciel de la carrière, par suite de la forme</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ogivale donnée
-à'la partie supérieure des galeries.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Nous
indiquons entre parenthèses les dénominations nouvelles de rues</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">qui ont été
substituées aux anciennes. . ;(2)* Le Pavillon de Gabrielle</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">était une
cons.tr.uc.tior. isolée, sans caractère, datant tout au plus</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">du premier Empire
et située au milieu d'un jardin, où l'on accédait par</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">une allée ^30 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">maison Muller et
le PetU-Bicùtre (1) ; ¥ par le cavage haute masse</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(Sillet, dont 1^
périniètro trop avance menaçait là Cour du Pressoir</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(rue
Saiht-Ëleuthèré), les ôbiislruçtions Borelle et le terrain</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">appartenant au
sieur Lambert^ qui était fréquenté par le public ; 5° par</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">le cavage passe
masse Gillet, qui atteignait le terrain Lambin ; 6° par</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">lu carrière haute</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">étroite, qui
aboutissait sur la place du Calvaire par une porte portant</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">le n<> 3.
Nous n'avons rien trouvé qui pût justifier en quoi que ce soit</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sa dénomination.
Ce pavillon, qui appartenait depuis longtemps à la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Tille de Paris,
servait de presbytère aux curés dô Saint-Pierre; M.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'abbé Fleuret
l'a habité, en cette' qualité, jusqu'en 1888. Condamné à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">disparaître par
suite du futur prolongement dé Ja rue Azaïs, ce pavillon</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">vient d'être
abattu en raison de son état de délabrement qui ne lui</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">permettait pas de
subsister jusrjue-lV sans de trop grosses et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dispendieuses
réparations. (1) Cette dénomination do Petit-Bicétre an«</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">nonce que
l'établissement d'aliénés du doc: teur Blanche à Montmartre,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">aurait bien pu
avoir là un précédent, sinon lin rival. Quoi qu'il en</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">soit, ce n'était
pas autre chose que ce qui restait dés anciens</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">bâtiments de
l'abbaye. Son exact emplacement est marqué par la longue et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">vieille maison de
rapport qu'on voit au n° 7 de la rue de La Vieuville,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">et dont la
façade, située obliquement en arrière par. rapport à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'alignement de
la rue, indique une existence bien intérieure au</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">percement de
celle-ci. Ses caves sont peut-être tout ce qui subsiste</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">des, diverses
constructions de l'abbaye. Cette maison appartient</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">actuellement à M.
Guélorget, architecte,, à qui l'on doit la nouvelle</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">mairie de Pantin.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">masse Ladaire,
dont le cavage s'avançait vers l'église Saint-Pierre et</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la rue des
Rosiers, sans cependant menacer ni l'une ni l'autre.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Au sud-est, — par
deux cavages haute masse, savoir : 1° celui de Ferry,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">qui touchait
presque à sa maison ; 2° celui d'André Muller, qui était</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">remblayé, et
dont, par conséquent, on n'avait pu vérifier le périmètre ;</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">là, d'audacieux
empiétements poussés, à l'ouest, jusque sous la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">plateform e même
du moulin de la Lancette (1) avaient déterminé la chute</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de celui-ci, en
1827 ; chute qui, si elle eût été instantanée, aurait eu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les suites les
plus graves et lés plus déplorables, car le moulin avait</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">continué d'être
habité. Lors de cet accident, on dut, par mesure de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">précaution,
évacuer la rue Feutrier également en péril. Il était en</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">outre permis de
suspecter le remblai de cette carrière, par suite des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dépressions
survenues à la surface du sol dans la partie attenant au</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">chemin de la
Fontenelle (rue La Barre), qui, dans une partie de sa</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">longueur, restait
comme suspendu entre les espèces dé ravins qu'avaient</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">formés de chaque
côté les excavations des carrières ; tandis que, dans</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">une autre partie,
vers le nord, l'exploitation s'avançant sous presque</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">toute la largeur
de ce chemin, en avait entraîné l'effondrement en</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">plusieurs
endroits. .</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">A l'est, ■'— par
deux cavages haute masse : 1° le cavage de Cottin, dont</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">une</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Voir notre
article sur les moulins â mnL suppl. litt. du Figaro du</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">23 mars 1839;
partie s'était affaissée, et dont l'autre menaçait de trop</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">près le chemin de
la Fontenelle ; 2° le cavage de la veuve Goguin, qui</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">était remblayé ;
son périmètre, vers le sud, s'étendait jusque sous</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ledit chemin et v
causait, comme le caVage d'André Muller, un</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">effondrement qui,
pendant plus d'une année, priva le public de son accès</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">; tandis que,
vers l'ouest, le front de masse était poursuivi jusque</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sous le terrain
du sieur Sulot, d'où résulta d'ailleurs un procès entre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">celui-ci et la
veuve Goguin.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Au nord-est, — 1°
par les deux cavages Suret : YUÏIJJLQ haute masse qui</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">atteignait le
chemin de la Bonne et le regard en maçonnerie appartenant</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">à la dame de
Roma? net; l'autre de basse masse, qui, vers le sud-ouest,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">approchait de
trop près l'habir tation dite le Réduit (1), et longeait</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la route dite
chaussée ou pavé Clignancourt (rue Rarney) ; 2° par une</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">carrière sans
intérêt ni importance, appartenant à Mme de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Situé au bas
de la rue de la Fontenelle, tout auprès d'un bouquet</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">d'arbres, le
Réduit, ou plutôt le Réduit solitaire, était un débit de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">petit bien, assez
achalandé vers 1840. Jl faisait concurrence à un</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">cabaret voisin,
appelé la Cuve renversée, qui se trouvait au coin de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'escalier Birôn
(rue Labat) et de la rue Ramey, où était le petit Dois</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">des llettes et au
fond une entrée de carrière. La Cuve renver* sée, qui</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">n'était à
l'origine qu'une modeste cantine de carriers, était dans toute</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sa vogue, vers
1848, alors que Mme Vincent Ballue en était propriétaire.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">—33- ; ;'</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Romanet et
qu'exploitait la veuve Vaugeois.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Au nord, — par
les trois cavages de basse masse des sieurs Barbot, Diard</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">et Borelle. Entre
le cavage haute masse Suret et le cavage basse masse</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Borelle, il
existait une succession d'exploitations à découvert qui</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">serraient la
butte de plus près encore que lescavagesde bassemasse. En</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">effet,
l'exploitation du* sieur Hêricher exposait à un péril imminent la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">maison de la dame
Tardieu (1) et celle du sieur Barbot. L'exploitation</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de haute masse,
faite à découvert par le sieur Borelle et qui attenait</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">presque à son
cavage de bassemasse, avait été poussée, vers le nord-est,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">jusqu'au bord du
Chemin des Boeufs (rue Marcadet), et vers le sud-est, à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">quelques mètres
du chemin de la Fohtaine-du-But ; ïe sieur Borelle avait</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">même ouvert de ce
côté un cavage qui, passant sous ce dernier chemin, y</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">donna lieu à un
fontis.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Au nord-ouest, —
par deux cavages de dasse masse, l'un, celui de la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Canne ou de la
Hutte au-Garde, entouré d'anciennes excavations</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">insuffisamment
remblayées, qui traversaient le Ghemin-desBoeufs ;</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'autre abandonné,
ayant appartenu au sieur Magnan.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">A l'ouest, ■— 1°
par le cavage de haute</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Actuellement
53, rue du MontrGenis, cette maison est celle où vers</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la fin du siècle
diernïer fut installée une manufacture de porcelaine.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Voir notre
article intitulé le vieuàa JClignancourt au journal le Mot</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">d'ordre du 6 mai
1887.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">-T.84 ~</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">masse Belhomme et
Tourlaque, qui atteignait le mur de clôture du sieur</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Auguste Debray ;
2° par le cavage de basse masse Belhomme, qui longeait</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">leChemindes-Damës
(rue de Maistre).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Enfin, la
ceinture des carrières se terminait au sud-ouest, — par la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">carrière dehaute
ei basse masse Hôricourt, dont les cavages s'étendaient</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">jusque sous les
maisons Labre et Fleury, qu'on avait dû évacuer, et sous</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les jardins Burcq
(1) et'Virey dont on avait, pour les mêmes raisons,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">interdit la
fréquentation au public. , En "résumé, suivant le rapport de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Mu. Hageau, la
butte Montmartre se trouvait serrée d'extrêmement près</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">parr une ceinture
de carrières qui, sauf très peu.d'exceptions, avaient</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">approché,, soit
des constructions riveraines., soit des chemins puT</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">blics., beaucoup
plus près que né le permettait le règb ment, dû 2£ mars</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">1813, lequel
était ,en viçuqu'r ; dans quelques casmême, les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">exploitations
avaient,été poussées jusquesous des constructions ou des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">cjiemins,,. et il
.,én.' était résulté , tant pour les habitants '</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">riverains que
pour le public -, de graves inconvénients. Ainsi,, par</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">exemple,, deux
voies, principales, le Chemin-Vieux et celui de la.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Fontepelle,. se.
trouvaient, dans.iirçe partie de leur longueur, comme</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">suspendus un peu
trop</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Il .est-à
remarquer- que la plupart des noms dQ personnes, que nous</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">avons cités d'a:
près le rappoiit -de ,M'. Hageau, notamment</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Mulle^.Feûtrier,
Collin, Diard,'Tour laque, Byrcq,,etc, /sont devenus</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">deJs, déno
minationsde rues pour lé XV1II9 arrondissement. - hardiment</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">entre les ravins
assez profonds que formait, dé chaque côté, le terrain</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">abaissé des
carrières, et ils étaient encore bordés, en quelques points,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">par dès vides non
remblayés, danger qu'ils partageaient, du reste, avec</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">le chemin de la
Cure (rue des Abbesses) et celui des Dames (rue de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Maistre), avec
plusieurs constructions, places, carrefours, peut-être</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">aussi avec la
chaussée de Glignancourt, le Chemin-desBoeufs, etc.;</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Il ne restait
donc plus en 1837 que fort peu de masse apprendre par</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">cavages, ainsique
par exploitation àciel ouvert.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">En présence des
nombreuses infractions aux articles les plus importants</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">des règlements en
vigueur, il s'ensuivait que les. plaintes élevées par</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les habitants de
la butte Montmartre étaient fondées, et l'en comprit</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">aisément, sans
doute, que ceshar bitants, convaincus comme ils</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'étaient, de
l'inexécution des règlements dans le présent, dans le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">passé, devaient,
en conclure qu'il était impossible d'obtenir, d'une</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">manière certaine,
l'exécution de ces rèn glements,en ce qui concernait</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les cavages ;
qu'ils ne pouvaient, par conséquent, avoir; foi dans</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'avenir, et ne
faisaient point unedemande injuste et exorbitante</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">lorsqu'ils réclamaient
la cessation absolue des ca^ vages, et,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">conformément iau\
règlement, le remblai des vides .existants.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">'- $K ' i ' -
■':■".</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Les réclamations
des habitants de Montmartre, ainsi formulées, ne</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">restèrent pas
longtemps sans' résultats.' L'administra?, - 36 — ■</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">tion prit
aussitôt un arrêté interdisant )our l'avenir toutes</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">exploitations
nouvel^ ! es en souterrain et arrêtant définitivement</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">;outes celles en
cours. Seules, quelques carrières à ciel ouvert</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">restèrent
autorisées. Dès lors l'industrie plâtrière de la butte, ainsi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">réduite/ alla en
décroissant jûsqu'en 1860* épéaue à laquelle</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'interdiction
prononcée^ en 1813, pour l'intérieur de Paris fut étendue</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">à la zone
nouvellement annexée. En effet, Y Annuaire de Montmartre de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">1854, publié par
Lèfèuvé, indiquait encore huit plâtriers; deux ans</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">après, il n'y en
avait plus que cinq.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">En attendant,
l'administration avait pris les mesures de consolidation</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">nécessaires à
l'utilisation de la surface des terrains exçâvés. En 1842,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">on exécuta dans
la région affaissée derrière la mairie d'immenses</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">remblais, sur
lesquels se tracèrent des alignements-pour la construction</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">des nouvelles
maisons (1). Les cavages abandonnés furent comblés, soit</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">par des bourrages
en terre, soit par des éboulements provoqués au moyen</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de la poudre.
Cette dernière façon d'opérer, appelée foudroyage, n'était</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">pas neuve : une
déclaration royaie,en date du 29 janvier 1779* en avait</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">déjà prescrit
l'emploi, à la suite d'un brusque effondrement survenu à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">MéniJmontantj en
1778, et où sept personnes avaient été englouties.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">C'était
assurément un moyen rapide et très écomique pour combler des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">excavations, dont
les galeries</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">f (1) Ghéronnet,
Histoire de Montmartre, p. 66.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">~~ 37 -</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">avaient six
métrés de largeur et atteignaient dix et même quinze mètres</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de hauteur dans
Ja haute masse ; mais* outre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">lôsinégalitésd^éçroulement^uike
produisaient et les vides qui</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">subsistaient
forcément, ce moyen offrait l'inconvénient de disloquer</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">toute la masse de
recouvrement et de ne plus lui laisser de stabilité</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">suffisante pour
l'assiette des constructions futures.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Aussi, est-ce
avec des terres de remblai provenant du dehors que fut</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">entrepris le
comblement de cette partie si importante dos carrières de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Montmartre,
située en regard de la place Saint-Pierre. Certes, le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">procédé fut lent
et dispendieux ; mais, répétons-le, il était préférable</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">vxifoudroyage
pour la conservation du sol en bon état de stabilité (1).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Ces travaux
fuient commencés parles ateliers nationaux de 1848: On prit</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la terre là où
l'on put, c'est-à-dire au plus près, en rognant,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">diminuant et aplanissant
les abords ; et c'est ainsi que fut créée la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">place
Saint-Pierre, dont l'emplacement n'était alors qu'un terrain</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">vague, inégal et
bouleversé, où des déblais et des gravats, sortis des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">carrières
voisines, s'étaient depuis longtemps amoncelés au point de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">former plusieurs
monticules assez considérables» Le dernier monticule de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ce genre que!
nous ayons vu subsister, est la butte aux cochons * sur</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">laquelle iL y avait
une petite cahute en planches, où (1) J. T. Dunkel, Topographie et consoli*
dation des carrières sous ParisParis, 1885, gr.in-4°, p* 32 et 50.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">vivait une pauvre
vieille femme qui élevait dos porcs. La butte aux</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">cochons dispàriitj
à son tour, avec ses hôtes pour faire place au marché</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Saint-Pierre.
Enfin, en place de l'escarpement à pic, troué de qùaire</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">bouches ogivales,
noires et béantes, qu'on apercevait jadis au pied dé</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la butte, on voit
aujourd'hui l'amorce du riant jardin qui doit monter</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">jusqu'aux marches
du Sacré-Coeur, Ainsi, il y a déjà un demi-siècle, il n'était que temps de
consolider la butte Montmartre, et, malgré les précautions urgentes prises à
cet égard, tout danger ne put être conjuré immédiatement, quelque moyen qu'on
employât pour le prévenir.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">Pendant quelques
années encore les carrières de Montmartre eurent à faire parler
d'elles, s'il faut en croire les quelques faits-divers de journaux
conservés par l'historien Ghéronnet dans ses notes manuscrites que son
petit-fils a bien voulu nous communiquer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">« Le dimanche 7
août 1843, disent ces « notes, entre une heure et deux heures « de la
journée, les habitants de Montmartre ont été vivement alarmés: Une secousse
assez violente a ébranlé la partie ouest des terrains situés
au-dessus « des carrières ». Plusieurs personnes se «</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">sont mises à
courir en voyant rouler lés « pierres qui se précipitaient</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">en bas. Le «
mouvement impulsif s'étant calmé, l'as« surance est revenue</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">dans les esprits
ef« frayés. Néanmoins on a procédé imédiatement à une enquête dont le résultat
a été de faire connaître que la secousse ressentie provenait d'un éboulement
intérieur dans les vastes abîmes sur lesquels Montmartre est suspendu</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">« Le 9 août
suivant, M. Biron, maire de Montmartre, démentit cette</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">nouvelle donnée
par les journaux. Sans doute, il le fit dans le bût de</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">tranquilliser ses
administrés, car il n'en est pas moins vrai et très</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">certain que la
semaine d'après on exécuta de grands travaux d'urgenee</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">dans les
carrières où la mine jouait tous les jours pour faire tomber</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">d'énormes croûtes
et détruire par cet infaillible moyen ces dangereuses</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">et menaçantes
excavations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">« L'alarme du 7
août n'était que le prélude d'un événement qui, trois</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">mois plus tard,
c'est-à-dire le 19 novembre 1843, vint tout à coup</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">renouvêler les
terreurs des habitants de Montmartre de l'autre côté de</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">la butte. «
Depuis de longues années une vaste nappe de glaise s'était</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">accumulée sur son
versant oriental. Détrempée, par les pluies si</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">abondantes de
cet. automne, cette masse lourde, et compacte s'est mise</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">en mouvement la.
nuit vers trois heures du matin, sur une longueur</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">d?ènviron trois
cents mètres. Cette espèce de lave boueuse a pris sa</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">direction vers
quelques maisons situées au pied de la butté au fond de</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">l'impasse
Saint-André (rue André-del-Sarte) et bientôt les a mises en</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">péril. Fort
heureusement l'éveil a été donné à: temps, et les locataires</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">de « ces maisons
ont pu se soustraire au « danger. On n'a eu à déplorer que</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">la « perte de
trois maisons. Les ingénieurs « des mines ont été avertis</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">aussitôt, et, «
dès le lendemain, une enquête a été « commencée . et</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">suivie bientôt
d'une dé« claration affirmant que le mouvement « avait</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">été spontané. »</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">Des accidents du
genre de celui-ci devaient être fréquents surtout de ce côté de la butte,
à cause des carrières à ciel ouvert qui y étaient</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">situées à flanc
de coteau, et dont la masse de recouvrement comportait</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">d'épaisses
couches de glaises vertes. Or, quand ces glaises étaient</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">tranchées, soit
pour l'ouverture, soit pour la poursuite de ces</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">exploitations ,
elles ne tardaient pas, sous là pression du sol, à se</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">mettre en
mouvement, entraînant avec elles, et le sol et les</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">constructions
qu'il supportait; et ce mouvement était parfois d'autant plus précipité
qu'il avait lieu sous l'énorme poussée des eaux pluviales qui s'y étaient
accumulées et ne pouvaient plus se faire jour autrement, par suite de
l'imperméabilité même de ces glaises.</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">Quoi qu'il en
soit * depuis quelques mois seulement, les travaux de consolidation
commencés, il y a déjà cinquante ans, dans ces parages, paraissent
seulement prendre quelque tournure d'achèvement. Nous voulons parler de
l'épaisse et bizarre muraille en meulière que l'administration vient de faire
élever à très grands frais assurément, sous une forme</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">prétendue
pittoresque, de simili rochers,</span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 41 --'■./'</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">par dévers le
marché; Saint-Piëtre/ à l'extrémité de la rue</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">André^del^ârte.
Si Mtthtmàrtrédbitêtre ceint d'une muraille, que ne se</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sert:pn dé la
façén bien; autrement économique et décorative dont</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Panùrgè proposait
tin joùr-à Pantagruel dé murer là^ville dé Paris ! "■.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">cr Malgré les
accidents de 1843, ajoute « Chêronrieti qui bien constatés</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">devaient «
prescrire à l'autorité toutes lés mesures « à prendre pour</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">éviter lé retour
de sém* « blables alarmes et leurs terribles cpnsé«</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">quences^ rien n'a
encore été fait dans ce «but. Le journal la Presse dû</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">10 mars « 1846
fait connaître au publié çpie Tex« ploit&tiôh d'une</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">nouvelle carrière
a lieu ce dans la butte Montmartre et s'étend jus» que</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sous l'église
Saint-Pierre , ejt se « poursuit en dépit des rapports</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">faits ce par les
ingénieurs spéciaux. Ces trace vaux, s'ils sont poussés</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">plus activecc ment,
compromettent singulièrement le « vieil édifice</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">religieux et
plusieurs maice sons. On frémit en pensant au désastre ce</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">que pourrait
occasionner un semblable, ce écroulement. Le conseil</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">municipal a fait
ce à ce sujet d'énergiques protestations à ce</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'autorité et
surtout contre l'autoris?tiôn « donnée pour cette</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dangereuse
exploitace tion. Cette permission expirera le 81 « décembre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">1846. Dieu
veuille que d'icice là on n'ait point à déplorer quelque ce</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">malheur !»</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">D'après cela, on
voit que la sage lenteur (et la notoire incurie de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">notre administra*
tion ne datent pas seulement d'hier. Nous leur devons</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">tout récemment
encore l'a»</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 42 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">bandon anticipé
des bâtiments de la vieille mairie du dix-huitième arrondissements
qui,depuis au moins six années s'affaissaient</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">graduellement
dans leur sol miné et mouvant, sans compter les dernières</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">secousses qui
disloquèrent en même temps les escaliers des rues Sainte-Marie et Foyatier. Mais les tremblements de terre de Montmartre ne</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sont plus à compter
(1).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Avec ses
carrières, la butte Montmartre à évidemment perdu un de ses plus curieux
aspects ; mais, il faut l'avouer, cette perte de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">pittoresque a
peut-être bien été compensée par un peu plus de sécurité publique ; car
depuis lougtemps les cavages abandonnés étaient devenus</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">le refuge des
vauriens et des vagabonds, et il, courait sur leur compte les bruits les
plus étrangement sinistres. Aussi, passé certaine heure,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">redoutait-on de
s'en approcher.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Il est vrai aussi
qu'il entrait beaucoup plus de chimères que de raison dans la frayeur
des bonnes gens. Les imaginations gardaient encore</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">l'impression des
naïves et enfantines terreurs a;u'y avaient jadis répandues de
fantastiques. récits ; car Montmartre passait dans l'ancien</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">temps pour avoir
été fée, et ou disait de ses carrières qu'elles étaient le garde-manger
des ogres qui se repaissaient des enfants de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) Voir notre
article intitulé Montmartre"Volcan dans le Mot d'ordre du</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">17 juin 1887.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">' ' ■■'■ — 43—
.;"■</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Paris (1). Les carrières
avaient conservé leur mystère/ et, si la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">légende avait
perdu dé son merveilleux, on ne pouvait s'empêcher de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">songer que leurs
nouveaux hôtes étaient d'un voisinage peu rassurant.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Gérard desNerval/
qui/ n'allait à Mont* martre qu'en bonne fortune/quând</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">il était
amoureux, vèVv dé la lune, s'est plusieurs fois dirigé vers ces</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">mystérieuses
cryptés. ce II y avait, dit-il/une carrière du côté du ce</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Château-Rouge qui
semblait-.un. temple ce druidique avec ses hauts</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">piliers soùtecc
nant des voûtes carrées". L'oeil plongeait K dans des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">profondeurs, d'où
l'on trem(( bla.it de voir sortir Esus, ou Thot, ou «</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Gérunnos, les
dieux redoutables de nos ce pères..... » Mais, pour</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">rassurer le
lecteur au sujet des hôtes qui s'y trouvaient, il a soin</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">d'ajouter : ce Un
voleur sait itoucc joûr^ où coucher, et l'on</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">n'arrêtait en, ce
général dans les carrières que d'honnêce tee vagabonds</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">qui n'osaient pas
dernancc dër asile au posté, ou des ivrognes des-; ce</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">cendusdes buttés
qui ne pouvaient se; ce traîner plus lôhL.. ; (2)».:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Lé dernier
trouvère de notre colline, Charles Mopsélet/ pour qui ce</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Montmartre «
faisait l'effet d'un dé ces pays créée eh ce hièmëltéhips</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">que là
BïblïotM0içMeue ce et les images d'Ëpinàl », rie paraît pas non</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">plus s'éfré
beaucoup effrayé dé liosf carrières et de leurs habitants!</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">{ (1) Alfred
Sensîêr, Elude sur George MU chel> Paris, 1873/in-So/pé 88. !</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">•■■■ (ty Gérard-
de' Nerval *{ là Bohème gala/nie,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 44 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ce Elles avaient
eu, dit-il* trois races très; ce distinctes dé</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">locataires ;
d'abord les aniee maux antédiluviens, dont les ossements ce</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">retrouves ont
fourni de si ingénieuses ce hypothèses â Guviër ; ensuite</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les carce riers
qui y travaillaient à toute heure de ce jour^etde nuit ;</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">et enfini quand
les carce riers furent partis, les .vagabonds de ce</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">toute espèce en
quête d'un asile, c'estcc à-dire d'une pierre pour</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">reposer leur ce
front... (1).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Une autre cause
des superstitieuses terreurs dont lés carrières de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Montmartre furent
l'objet, c'est qu'on disait aussi qu'elles avaient</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sër.vi à plus
d'un conciliabule dé sorciers. Ëri effet, dans ces temps,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">où la police
était ce qui faisait le plus défaut, il n'y avait pas de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">lieu plus
iâvoràble aux réunions clandestines. Sans en médire davantage,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">rappelons cependant
qu'elles servirent de point de départ à la Sopiété</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de Jésus.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Ignace de Loyola,
qui était venu à Paris terminer ses études,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">affectionnait
particulièrement la colline. de Montmartre où tant de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">pieuses
traditions se rattachent; il la fréquentait souvent ensuivant</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">les notes du P.
Olivier Manare conservées aux archives des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Boilatidistes, il
s'y était même choisi,dans l'excavation souterraine</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">d'une ancienne
carrière à plâtre située non loin de la chapelle du</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Martyre, un lieu
de retraite, où, loin des bruits de la ville, il</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">passait le jour
en pénitence et la nuit en</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">* (1) Charles
Monselet, les Souliers de Sterne, p. 1 et 2.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">-- 43 — ..</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">prière (1) ; Il y
réunit ses prerriiers discfcpies avant de se rendre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">au; sanctuaire
yo^ sin, le jour où ils prononcèrent ensemble le voeu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">solennel qui fut
là ba^e; de leur fameux institut* On serait tenté de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">croire qué^trois
^ieclès plus tardv Béràhger songeait à cette</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">particularité
d'origine, lorsque sa verve) satirique lui dicta les deux</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">premiers vers dé sa
chanson dès Révérends Pères r ':;;:" ':' v™v\ >■ .'.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">■ '■;;■</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Hommes noirs d'où
sortez-vous ? Nous sôrtoiië de dessous terre.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Mais il y a de
singulières coïncidences dans l'histoire. Là, où le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">fondateur de
l'ordre des Jésuites était allé méditer son «euvré, près de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">c'ent ans plus
tard, les membres d'une secte d'illuminés, où la</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">franc-maçonnerie
moderne était en germe, vinrent à leur tour tenir de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">secrètes assises.
On lit en effet dans un livret de 1623, intitulé :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Effroyables
pactions faictes entre le diable et les prétendus</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Invisibles...,
(jue les frères Rose-Croix se rassemblaient dans les</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">carrières dé
Montmartre pour y proposer les leçons qu'ils devaient faire</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">en particulier
avant de les rendre publiques (2).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Un fait peu connu
: c'est dans les carrières de Montmartre que, en</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">décembre 1789,
Marat vint chercher un refuge contre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1). Gh. de
Saint-Glair, la Vie de saint Ignace de Loyola, Paris, 1890,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">gr. in-.8°.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(2) Ce livret a
été reproduit par Edouard Fourniei.' dans ses Variétés</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">historiques et
lit' téraireS) t. IX> p. 290.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">y■■'■'■: -46 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">lès poursuites dé
la Commune et du Ghâ^ tèletv ïfùe ses adversaires</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">avaient arihes'
cohtré lui (1). v > - . ;</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Pour terminer, *
nous pouvons encore citer un dessin de l'Illustration</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">du 1er au '8 ?
juillet 1848, figurant parmiles derniers épisodes des</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">sanglantes
journées de juin* la poursuite des insurgés par la troupe</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">dans les
carrières de Montmartre*</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Puis, en regard
de ces quelques témoignages évoqués d'après l'histoire</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">et les poètes,
que né pouvons-nous enfin placer les documents d'un autre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">genre, mais non
moins précieux, qu'a laissés le peintre</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">essentielleriient
montmartrois, George Michel i notamment ses dessins à</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">la plume
rèhaussésde couleurs à raqiiarelle,qui sont d'un effet si</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">arrêté, si
saisissant ! Suivant lé biographe admirateur de Michel, ce</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ils ce
représentent, le plus souvent, les approce ches des carrières,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">avec leurs
falaises ce blanches et crayeuses, puis l'entrée opacc que de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ces mêmes
carrières, qui semée blent des trous à mystères et des labor «</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ratoires de
meurtriers (2). »</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">A présent, les
anciennes carrières de Montmartre n'existent plus pour le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">public qu'à
l'état de souvenir. Depuis longtemps, les ingénieurs chargés</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de leur
consolidation en ont fait murer toutes les issues, et gardent</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">avec un soin
jaloux les clefs des quelques portes de service qu'on «y a</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(1) F.-E.
Guiraud, Oraison funèbre de Marat, Paris* 1793, in-8<>,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">(2) Alfred
Sensier, Étude sitr George Mi* chel, p. 72.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">— 47 —</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">ménagées pour eux
seuls. Pour remplacer les pittoresques bouches de nos</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">anciens cavages;
aujourd'hui disparues, feu M. Alphand, d'excellente</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">mémoire, nous a
en revanche dotés des rochers d'opérette qui bordent le</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">pied de la butte,
visrà-vis la rue André-del-Sàrte. On chercherait en</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">vain parmi ce
mièvre décor planté de volubilis et de capucines, l'entrée</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">de la carrière</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Où j'allais,
turbulent moutard,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Ivre d'école
buissonnière</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Voir vernir les
ballons Godard (1).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">Mais où sont les
neiges d'antan^^T^\</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">f (1) Georges
Nicolas î La Fontaine dit Bit (souvenir de 1849), pièce de</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoPlainText">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;">vers de 16 pages
in-12, Paris, 1884.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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cabinet de curiosités de la rue mullerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14128509056063435890noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5230777123095972076.post-62362992297513965252014-11-16T08:48:00.001+01:002014-11-16T08:48:11.044+01:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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cabinet de curiosités de la rue mullerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14128509056063435890noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5230777123095972076.post-27149289823547794952014-11-10T23:19:00.000+01:002014-11-14T10:01:43.931+01:00ammo<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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mullerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14128509056063435890noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5230777123095972076.post-20123594979093902012014-11-09T12:14:00.001+01:002014-11-09T13:07:31.472+01:00passage des poissonniers<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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cabinet de curiosités de la rue mullerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14128509056063435890noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5230777123095972076.post-8897590820227079012014-11-08T17:09:00.000+01:002014-11-08T17:09:56.250+01:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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cabinet de curiosités de la rue mullerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14128509056063435890noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5230777123095972076.post-74795590485969196962014-11-08T15:58:00.000+01:002014-11-12T18:41:57.980+01:00Vieilles cartes du quartier<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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cabinet de curiosités de la rue mullerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14128509056063435890noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5230777123095972076.post-40974149195525116052014-08-12T16:57:00.001+02:002014-08-12T16:57:32.617+02:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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cabinet de curiosités de la rue mullerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14128509056063435890noreply@blogger.com